Fasting on the day of doubt forbidden?

 Kiram reported that he told Imam As-Sadiq (a.): “May my life be sacrificed to you, i decided to fast until the Riser (Qa’im) rises, God is quickening the salvation through him.” He said: “Fast, but do not fast on the journey, nor on the two festivals, nor from the 11th to the 13th day of Dhu-l-Hijjah, nor on the day when there is doubt that it is one of the month of Ramadan.”

Footnote*Sheikh Al Majlisi said:Its possible it was said in Taqqiya.

📚Tahdhib Al Ahkam V4,P302

*The hadith contradicts many authentic ahadith which speak positively of the fast on the day of doubt, its also parallel with the view of our opponents(Omaris) therefore as per  advice from the Imam(as), in case of contradiction we follow that which opposes Omaris.

                 

Eating out of forgetfulness while fasting

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who because of forgetfulness eats and drinks and then remembers. He (the Imam) said, ‘His fast is not destroyed. It was something Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, granted him. He is required to complete his fast (of that day).”’

Sheikh Al Majlisi:Sahih

📚Miratul Uqool V16,P271

 

When do we have to stop eating and drinking when fasting

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘When does it become unlawful to eat and drink for one fasting, and when does performing Salat (prayer) of the morning becomes lawful?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When dawn appears which looks like white Coptic fabrics, then eating and drinking become unlawful for a fasting person and performing the morning Salat (prayer) becomes lawful.’ I then said, ‘So we do not have time until sunrise.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘That is not it at all. Where are you going? That is the time for Salat (prayer) by children.’”

Sheikh Al Majlisi:Sahih

📚Miratul Uqool V16,P267

 

Accidental eating or drinking shortly after dawn in the month of Ramadhan

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who eats and drinks after dawn in the month of Ramadan. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he got up and looked but did not see the dawn then ate then returned and saw that it was dawn, he is required to complete that fast and there is no Qada’ (compensatory fast) on him. If he gets up, eats and drinks, and then looks to the dawn that is already there, he is required to complete that fast and make Qada’ (compensatory fast) for one other day because he ate first, then went to find out about dawn, thus fast of one day is necessary.’”

Sheikh Al Majlisi:Muwathq

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of my fasting when I asked the girl to look if it was dawn yet and she said that it was not dawn, yet and I ate; then I looked and saw that it was dawn. He (the Imam) said, ‘You are required to complete that fast and make Qada’ (compensatory fast for it); however, if you yourself had looked first before eating there would have been no Qada’ (compensatory fast) upon you.’”

Sheikh Al Majlisi:Hassan

📚Miratul Uqool V16,P263-264

 

Pray Or break the fast?

Abu Ja`far (as) said: “In [the month of] Ramadhan, pray and then break your fast unless you are with people who are waiting to break their fast. If you are with them, do not act contrary to them and break your fast [with them] then pray, otherwise – begin with your prayers.” The Narrator asked: “and why is that?”, so he (as) replied: “Because two obligatorily actions have been presented to you – the breaking of fast, and prayers – and the more meritorious is the prayers.” He then said: “Praying while you are [still] fasting, so your prayers are written after you complete your fast, is more beloved to me.” 

📚Wasailush Shia V10,P150

Seeing the Crescent

Hadith#2

Hammad has narrated from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would say, ‘I do not accept a testimony about seeing the crescent if it is from less than two just witnesses.’”

Hadith#3

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad al-Husayn from Ali ibn al-Hakam from fro al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “He (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Testimony by women is not admissible in the case of seeing the crescent.’”

Hadith#6

Ahmad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you see the crescent, then fast and when you see the crescent (again), then discontinue fasting. It is not by opinions and conjectures. If out of ten people only one says that there is the crescent but the rest cannot see, it is not seeing. If one can see a thousand can also see.’”

📚Kitab Al Kafi V4,P49

 

The day of doubt

Hadith#4

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn abu al-Suhban from Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ribat from Sa‘id al-’A‘raj who has said the following: “I once asked Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’I have fasted on the day which is doubtful about its being of al-Shaban or of the month of Ramadan, if there is Qada’ (compensatory fast) upon me.’ He (the Imam) said, No, Qada’ (compensatory fast) is not obligatory on you and it was a day in which you had a fortunate chance.’”

Hadith#6

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah, who has said the following: “I once asked Abu `Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who fasts a day and does not know if it is of the month of Ramadan or if it is of other days. Then certain people come and testify that it is of the month of Ramadan. Certain people say that it is not reliable. He (the Imam) said,  Yes, that is true.’ I then said that they say, ‘You fasted and did not know if it was of the month of Ramadan or of other days.’ He (the Imam) said, ’Yes, that is true. You can depend on it; it is something in which Allah granted you a fortunate chance. A doubtful day is fasted as that of al-Sha’ban and not as that of the month of Ramadan; he prohibited one’s fasting alone on a doubtful day. During the night one forms his intention to fast as a day of al-Sha’ban and if it happens to be of the month of Ramadan, it is sufficient for it by the favor from Allah, most High, because of the ease He has granted to His servants; otherwise, they would have been destroyed.’”

📚Kitab Al Kafi V4,P51

Sheikh Majlisi:

Hadith#4-Sahih

Hadith#6-Muwathq

📚Miratul Uqool V16,P239